• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Pixel information representing an image for display is encoded using data compression into display data which can be stored on a compact disc. The data compression consists in obtaining the pixel information as a first matrix of high resolution pixel values, subtracting from this first matrix a second matrix composed of lower resolution pixel values, produced by low pass filtering the first matrix, to produce a third matrix of difference values, decimation filtering the second matrix to produce a fourth matrix of less density lower resolution pixel values and encoding the third and fourth matrices. The complementary decoding to obtain the original data consists in restituting the second matrix by interpolation filtering the coded fourth matrix, and combining the restituted second matrix with decoded third matrix. The coding of the third matrix takes into account rate of change pixel value information obtained by delta coding the fourth matrix and the decoding of the third matrix takes into account equivalent rate of change pixel information available at the interpolation filtering. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the coding and decoding methods.
    公开号:SU1581230A3
    申请号:SU874202509
    申请日:1987-04-10
    公开日:1990-07-23
    发明作者:Денни Ричардс Норман
    申请人:Н.В.Филипс Глоэлампенфабрикен (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    77

    cm
    The values of the M4 matrix can be used directly (in the case of a display with a normal resolution) or after the restoration in the first-connected decoding unit and the interpolation filtering and summation unit in the summation unit with the restored difference values. The obtained parameter values after delta-PCM coding in a coding unit can be used for a high resolution display. 2 sec. f-ly, 5 ill.
    The invention relates to the field of computer technology and is intended for the implementation of visual data display systems with reduced redundancy of stored information about the parameters of image elements.
    The purpose of the invention is to reduce the redundancy of coding data.
    Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the sequence of steps of the encoding and decoding method, respectively, on which the implementation of the devices in FIG. 3 is based and 4 shows block diagrams of the devices for encoding and decoding the parameters of the image elements, respectively; FIG. 3 is a diagram of a data display system using a decoding device.
    The coding method (Fig. 1) consists of stage 1 of low-pass filtering, stage 2 of decimation filtering, stage 3 of determining the difference, stage 4 of the first coding and stage 5 of the second coding.
    The decoding method (FIG. 2) consists of steps 6 and 7 of the second and first decoding, respectively, the stage 8 of interpolation filtering and the stage 9 of combining or supplementing.
    The device for coding the parameters of the image elements (Fig. 3) contains a block 10 for forming the image elements of the transmission object 11, a block 12 for filtering low frequencies, a block 13 for calculating the difference, a second block 14 for coding, a first block 15 for coding and a block 16 for decimation filtering . Coded data on the parameters of the image elements are stored on the storage medium 17
    The decoding unit of the pixel parameters (Fig. 4) comprises the first 18 and second 1 9 decoding, interpolation filtering unit 20, summation unit 21, and encoding unit 22. Refurbished
    the image is displayed on the display 23. The numbers on the communication lines (FIGS. 3 and 4) denote their difference.
    The data display system (Fig. 5) contains a video generator 24, a processor 25, a mass storage device 26, a program memory device 27, a video memory device 28, a graphics tablet keyboard 29, an image element parameters decoding device 31, digital-analog converters 32 34, converter 35 of signals Y, U, V (where V is a component of brightness, U, V are components of chromaticity) into signals of R, G and B (where Rs G, B are components of red, green and blue, respectively) , bus 36, timer 37, which generates the clock signals on the bus synchronization codes 38 and 39, a decoding device 40, a system bus 4 1 and a display device 42.
    When encoding the pixel parameters (Fig. 1), the information in the form of the first matrix Ml from the pixel parameter values (HI) corresponding to the display with increased resolution in the low-pass filtering stage 1 is converted to the second matrix M2 from the parameter values of the pixel parameters (LO) which represent the image with respect to the reduced resolution in comparison with the values of the parameters of the image elements of the original (first) matrix Ml.
    At stage 2 of the decimation filtering, the decimation of the samples of the matrix M2 is performed by sampling only every second value of the parameters of the matrix elements of the matrix Ml, both in the horizontal and in the vertical directions. The result is a fourth matrix M4 of a reduced density of the elements of the image from the values of the parameters of the image elements (N0).
    In step 3 of determining the difference, a third matrix of the MS is formed by calculating the difference of the values of the parameters of the image elements of the matrices Ml and M2 for each value. The resulting matrix of 7.3 of the 720x560 pixel parameter difference values (D1) in step 4 of the first encoding is converted into the first set of resulting digital data RDD1. Meanwhile, in Step 4, the values of D1 are quantized and statistically encoded.
    If necessary, a step 5 of the second encoding of the values N0 of the matrix M4 in the second set of resulting digital data KDD2 may be provided. The information obtained in step 2 corresponds to a display with a normal resolution. The values of the parameters of the image elements at all stages of coding can be represented in the form of pulse code modulation (PCM) signals. The first and second data sets RDD1 and RDD2 can be -fixed on a suitable storage medium for storing information SK.
    When decoding data sets RDD1 and RDD2 (FIG. 2) in the values of the parameters of the elements of the original image in step 7 of the first decoding, the first set of digital data RDD1 read from the storage medium SM converts to the first reconstructed matrix of the MZ from the difference values of the parameters of the image elements (D1) . The second set of RDD2 data read from the storage medium SM, if necessary, is decoded in step 6 of the second decoding into an M4 matrix of 360x280 values of pixel parameters (N0) and in step 8 of interpolation filtering is converted into a second reconstructed matrix M2 of 720,560 parameter values of the elements of the image (LO). These two reconstructed matrices M2 and MZ1 in step 9 of combining or completing form the reconstructed matrix Ml from the values of the parameters of the image elements (HI). The reconstructed matrix Ml and matrix MA can be used to reproduce high and low resolutions of the initial image, respectively.
    As stage 4 of the first encoding, it is effective to use multi-level and statistical encoding based on the considered criteria. When only a few levels of coding are used (for example, three) for difference values in the MOH matrix, in step 7 of the first decoding, to improve the accuracy of the reproduced image, a distinction should be made between the coded values for steep and smooth transitions. This can be achieved by selectively inserting for steep transitions into a constant-difference difference value code, which will give a decoded value that is expanded in comparison with a decoded value, derived from an identical code, but without a weighting factor, and used for up-skimming smaller difference value.
     As stage 5 of the second encoding, delta encoding can be used, providing information to the Day regarding the rate of change of the values of the parameters of the pixels of the M4 matrix. This information can be used to enter weighting values for steep transitions of difference values (dashed line RC / C, Fig. 1). In step 7 of the first decoding, the weights can be taken into account by using the information
    Q is about the steepness of transitions at stage 8 of interpolation filtering.
    The coding device (FIG. 3) works as follows.
    Element formation unit 10
    5, the image forms image samples as information in the form of image elements in the matrix Ml from discrete values of image elements. Each of these
    The Q pixel values are represented by the values of the three parameters represented by the Zx8-bit PCM codes using YUV coding. Each matrix of parameter values
    from the image elements consists of three discrete submatrices — one; with respect to each of the values of the parameters of the image elements Y, U, and V. This encoding gives uncompressed
    five
    natural images, 8 bits deep for 256 colors, so that when bits per pixel, approximately 325 kbps of storage capacity is required for a full-screen image without interlacing (650 kbps is required for an interlaced image). The encoding device compacts the data and results in significant savings in this memory capacity without any serious deterioration in image quality.
    The values of the parameters Y, U and V are filtered in the low-pass filtering unit 12, as a result of which the matrix M2 is formed from the discrete values of the lower-resolution pixel parameters represented by the PCM codes in bits.
    The values of the parameters Y, U and U of the image elements obtained at the output of the block 12 are fed to the difference calculating unit 13, where elementwise subtracted from the values of the parameters Y, U and V from the pixel formation unit 10. As a result of subtracting the values of the parameters of the matrices Ml and M2 at the output of the block 13, the values of the parameters of the MOH matrix are derived from the difference values of the parameters Y, U and V of the image elements represented by the PCM codes in bits. The difference values of the Y, U, and V parameters of the marbling MOH in block 14 of the coding are quantized with a small number of quantization levels, including the zero level, and are statistically encoded either by a corresponding multi-bit code or a code with a limited length for zero difference values. The coded values of the parameters Y ,, U, and V obtained at the output of block 14 are memorized "$ °, -7
    talent environment 17.
    In addition, the values of the Y, U and V parameters from the output of the low-pass filtering unit are fed to the decimation filtering unit 16, in which the decimation of samples of the M2 matrix occurs by sampling only every second value of the pixel parameters from the M2 matrix, both horizontally and verticals As a result, an M4 matrix is formed from the values of the parameters Yw, If, and V of the image elements, represented by the PCM codes in bits. The values of the parameters Y, U, and V are encoded by the encoding unit 15 in the delta PCM code, and the obtained values of Yr, Ur, and Vr are stored in the storage medium 17. This storage medium 17 may be an optical recording medium, i.e. compact disk (Philips Technical Review. - Volume 40 1982, No. 6), which serves as a permanent storage device in order to provide permanent storage of digital data. This digital data could additionally be generated by another format, a suitable format changing tool, before storing, in order to make it compatible with the memory requirements for compact discs. This format change may be block or continuous (convolutional) coding, either individually or collectively, using, for example, Reed / Solomon codes to implement error detection and correction of stored digital data.
    If it is necessary to set up the image stored on the storage medium 17, a decoding device is used (Fig. 4) in which the coded values of the parameters Y, ", Ur, Vp and Y, Uj, V are decoded in the first and second decoding blocks 18 and 19 in the values of the parameters YU,, V 1 and Y, U, V of the matrices M4 and M3, respectively. The values of parameters Y,, and matrices M4 are restored in interpolation filtering unit 20 to values of the reconstructed matrix M2 from the values of the pixel parameters and in block 21 summation are added to the values of the parameters Y, U and V, the matrix of the M3 of the restored values of the image parameters. At the output of block 21, the reconstructed matrix Ml is formed from 720x560 values of the parameters Y ,, U 1 and V (image elements, I
    From these parameter values, delta-PCM coding unit codes 22 can be obtained, which are intended for high resolution display 23.
    For a display with a normal resolution of the image elements, it is possible to directly use the values of the parameters Y and V, read from the storage medium 17.
    The image encoding / decoding methods used are based on the well-known theory of The Laplacian Pyramid as a Compact Image Code. - IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. COM-31, No. 4, 1983.
    Philips Technical Review, Volume 40.1982, N3 6 gives four articles on CDs.
    In the description, it was assumed that the values of the parameters of the image elements Y, U, and V were encoded and decoded identically. However, since the components of the U and V chrominance signal are less informative than the Y component, these chrominance U and V components can in practice be selected at half the sampling rate from that used for sampling the Y component. As a trace, the matrix for the components of the U and V chrominance signal should have half the horizontal resolution compared to the matrix for the luminous component of Y. As another alternative, the components of the chrominance signal U and V can be Recall directly (after changing the format) on the storage medium 17 for storing information using, if necessary, only delta-coding, and only the luminous component Y is encoded as a combination of a matrix of low-resolution Y values and a matrix of values representing the difference between the Y values of this signal and the Y values with low resolution.
    The data display system (Fig. 5 shows an example of using the pixel parameter decoding device 31. Digital data that is read from the mass storage device 26 on compact discs under the control of the processor 25 is formatted, decoded by the device 31 and then recorded in delta-PCM form device 28 video prints. From set 5
    0
    five
    The data 28 using the video generator 24 is displayed on the display device 42.
    The encoding method can be repeated to obtain one or more additional levels of data compression, whereby further 0 the amount of data to be stored for the image, and thus further reduce the load time required to read data from the storage medium. store information and record them in a display memory device.
    权利要求:
    Claims (2)
    [1]
    1. A device for encoding the parameters of the image elements, comprising a series-connected low-pass filtering unit and a decimation filtering unit, characterized in that, in order to reduce the redundancy of the coding data, a pixel shaping unit, a difference calculating unit, the first information input and information the input of the low-pass filtering unit is connected to the output of the imaging unit; the output of the low-pass filtering unit is connected to the second information unit. The input of the difference calculating unit, the first and second coding units, the information inputs of which are connected to the output of the decimation filtering unit and the difference calculating unit, respectively, and the outputs are the first and second information outputs of the device, respectively. I
    [2]
    2. A device for decoding pixel parameters containing an interpolation filtering unit, characterized in that, in order to reduce the redundancy of the coding data, the first and second decoding units are entered into it, whose information inputs are the first and second information inputs of the device, respectively, the summation, the first and second information inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the interpolation filtering unit and the second decoding unit, respectively, the output of the first
    0
    five
    0
    five
    0
    five
    the decoding unit is connected to, in-ni, informational input, whose interface with the informational input of the interpol unit is connected with the output of the sum by
    Filtration, the coding block is the output of the device.
    M1 (HI)
    .M2 (LD)
    M4 (NO)
    RCfC
     | 1.g--
    II
    R
    RD1TC
    . v v
    RDD2
    LL
    TB J
    360X280N
    eight
    P2 (LO)
    M2 -
    (LO)
    M5. (01}
    RCfC
    .r--
    f
    four
    RBBt
    h
      t
    Rdd
    R
    .... t - „
    mz
    ()
    RC / JJ
    L-Mt
    / 720 "560 (HI)
    .2
    2.8
    36
    35
    -
    V
    Jl
    L
    37
    38
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DK186387D0|1987-04-10|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    GB8609078A|GB2189106B|1986-04-14|1986-04-14|Image display|
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